Reggae Drumming Essay - 612 Words

Discuss the theoretical and technical concepts of reggae drumming, with reference to its historical context (500-600 words) Reggae is a music style (genre) which developed in the Caribbean (Jamaica) in the late 60s, which originated from the development of â€Å"Ska† and â€Å"Rocksteady†. Reggae is recognized worldwide by the rhythmic accents provided from the off-beat pattern (usually played by the guitar or piano) it is also known as the â€Å"Skank†. This pattern accents the 2nd and 4th beat in each bar (or on the ‘amp;’ of each beat all depending on how the music/ piece is counted) and combines with the drum that emphasises on beat 3 creating a unique feel. Reggae music usually has a 4/4 time signature, with a low tempo. For the drums, 8th†¦show more content†¦- The Emphasis is entirely on the 3rd beat of the bar. (Usually on the snare, or a rim-shot combined with the bass drum). - Bob Marley â€Å"One Drop† is a perfect example of this beat â€Å"Rockers†: Another style of drumming is called â€Å"Rockers† which was invented by the Drum and Bass duo (Sly and Robbie). This style emphasises on the bass drum being played on the 1st and 3rd beat instead of just the 3rd alone. Everything else is consistent with the â€Å"One Drop† style. This gives a much harder sound, and increases the song drive more. - It plays a similar beat to that of the guitar. - An emphasis can be found on the 1st and 3rd beat of the bar. - At times, counter rhythms can be played over the beat, but the 1st and 3rd beat are always noticeable. â€Å"Steppers†: The last common reggae drumming style is called â€Å"Steppers†. This is when the beat includes the bass drum hit on all 4 quarter notes, creating a stronger driving pulse. This style has a stronger sound than ‘Rockers with an even stronger beat. - It is probably the most simple of the beats. - Its defining characteristics are a solid 1-2-3-4 of the bass drum. - A good example of the Steppers beat can be found through a piece by Bob Marley, titled: â€Å"Exodus†. Here is an example of a â€Å"One Drop† rhythm/ Style: Here is an example of a â€Å"rockers† rhythm/ Style: Here is an example of a â€Å"steppers† rhythm/Show MoreRelatedThe True Beauty Of Music1430 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough their songs and music. â€Å"Nations in Latin America were beginning a process of rapid urbanization. Cultural nationalism was widespread and expressed itself in musical nationalism† . Music developed greatly after independence, art forms like Reggae, diaspora, Samba, Tango, and Calypso that were established in the twentieth century are still practiced and celebrated today all around the world. Music helped the Caribbean people express thoughts that were suppressed during the times of slaveryRead More An Overview of Reggae Music Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pages Reggae is a genre of music that originated in Jamaica during the late 1960s. It is known for the heavy and strong emphasis on the bass within the background beat. Reggae was perceived as a kind of music used to express feelings about the social, political, and economic hardships in Jamaica du ring the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was performed by musicians from black ghettos who used unhurried beats to make a style of music of their own. Reggae became an important part of the lifestyle of manyRead MoreHistory of Jamaican Music1268 Words   |  6 Pageslater by English colonists. (Megan, R.) Jamaicans possess a musical heritage that comes from their African and European roots. Reggae music is Jamaica’s best sound. 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Bob Marley is known around the world for not only his music, but also his greater message of peace. FurthermoreRead MoreEssay on Hip-hop, Reggae, and Politics5105 Words   |  21 PagesHip-hop, Reggae, and Politics Introduction Music is an art form and source of power. Many forms of music reflect culture and society, as well as, containing political content and social message. Music as social change has been highlighted throughout the 20th century. In the 1960s the United States saw political and socially oriented folk music discussing the Vietnam War and other social issues. In Jamaica during the 1970s and 1980s reggae developed out of the Ghetto’s of Trench town andRead More Discontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop5489 Words   |  22 PagesDiscontent Expressed through Blues, Jazz, Reggae, and Hip-hop In cultures all over the world, music can be seen encompassing many aspects of life for many individuals. 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Although RastafarianismRead More African Music of the Rastafari, the Rasta Community, the Dreads4350 Words   |  18 PagesAfrican Music of the Rastafari, the Rasta Community, the Dreads Nyabinghi music played at Rastafarian grounations, which includes drumming of at least three hand drums, chanting, dancing, spiritual use of the holy herb, and praise to Jah Rastafari, are considered the most important and inspirational meeting of Rastafari. The term nyabinghi is said to have come from a religious, spiritual, and political movement in East Africa beginning in the 1850’s until the 1950 led by a series of spiritually

A Cultural Competency Toolkit Ten Grant Sites Share...

Overall, the CLAS policy appears to be designed to address the needs of providing cultural competence to members of traditionally under-represented groups (e.g. African Americans, Hispanic Americans, homeless, etc.). The only recommendations that I would make would be that the policy provide clear guidelines on how to account for those who are of immigrant status for whom data may not be collected when assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of the standards. Also, there should be explicit rules to follow when determining whether or not those with limited English proficiency who may be able to speak English but not communicate effectively in writing (and vice versa) are provided with the necessary language assistance. In addition, there should be clear measures or ways to determine proficiency, and provision of services should not be based on assumptions in only one of the two forms of communication. References A Cultural Competency Toolkit: Ten grant sites share lessons learned (2001). Retrieved November 7, 2015 from http://www.consumerstar.org/pubs/CulturalCompetencyToolkit.htm Agency Cultural Competence Plan Format. (2013). Retrieved November 8, 2015, from the Office of Mental Health or website: www.omh.ny.gov/omhweb/cultural_competence An Analysis of the 2013 National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) in Health and Health Care (2013). Retrieved November 5, 2015, fromShow MoreRelatedAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesAdvancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care A Roadmap for Hospitals Quality Safety Equity A Roadmap for Hospitals Project Staff Amy Wilson-Stronks, M.P.P., Project Director, Health Disparities, Division of Quality Measurement and Research, The Joint Commission. Paul Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission Christina L. Cordero, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Project Director, Division of Standards and Survey Methods, The JointRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesChapter 1 The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Learning Outcomes 2 Introduction 4 5 Understanding Cultural Environments 4 The Changing World of Technology What Is a Knowledge Worker? 6 How Technology Affects HRM Practices 6 Recruiting 7 Employee Selection 7 Training and Development 7 Ethics and Employee Rights 7 Motivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve EmployeesRead MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 PagesInternational Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics at Lund University under the academic supervision of Associate Professor Thomas Lindhqvist and Associate Professor Hà ¥kan Rodhe The International Institute of Industrial Environmental Economics grants permission to reprint materials in this book provided that the reprint is for educational or other non-profit purposes and provided that the reprint contains a clear reference to the original material. 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Management Health and Social Care

Question: Produce an essay discussing the development of health and social care policy within the United Kingdom? Answer: The Department of Health (DH) is the ministerial department of the Government of United Kingdom and is responsible for setting up policies on social care and health issues in the United Kingdom. It oversees the English National Health Service (NHS). The Department of Health develops guidelines for improving the care quality and meeting the expectations of the patients. Some health care and social care policies have been put in place for improving the quality of the lives of the people, and the changes that they have brought have been significant (Valderas, Fitzpatrick and Roland, 2012). The present writing discusses the development of the welfare of the state and explores the development of health policy in reference to influential factors, that is, ethics, law, culture and religion, economics and politics. The closer integration of social care and health care has topped the priority goal for policies of successive governments of the United Kingdom for over 50 years. Several financial and policy tools have been taken up, but the overall progress has been found to be limited and patchy. This attributes to a variety of reasons that includes culture differences, dissimilar ways of working, accountability arrangements, funding and different regulatory regimes for assessing the performance of the organizations present to look after the health and social welfare of the people of the country. Attempts have been made to ensure that people get access to the right services at the right time and the right place. Successive governments in the last few decades have used several measures to bring reforms in health and social care. The financial crash, taking place in 2008 and election of 2010 has steered the interests of policy makers towards the need of integrated care and making of this aspect as t he foundation for further policies (Humphries, 2015). Some influencing factors make a great impact on the development of health and social care policy in the country. How such influence occurs is a topic of concern, and it would be a good idea to throw light on this aspect. The first aspect that draws attention in context to health policies is ethics. Ethical considerations make up a large part of the debate regarding what new incorporation needs to be made in the new health care policies. Chief in between these is tension between collective welfare or collectivism and individual choices. Such tensions are found to be in many debates cropping up in the field of health care services, like end of life, reproductive technology and health inequalities. With each passing year, health care professionals are facing new ethical dilemmas while delivering health care services. New policies in health care are being set up in England keeping in mind not to get into any controversy regarding maintenance of ethics (nuffieldtrust.org.uk, 2015). Legal aspects come second in the list of influential factors. In the United Kingdom, medical device legislation and clinical safety directives impact the solutions adhered to for brining changes in health policies. Healthcare regulators are in the need for more information to provide a license to the care providers (Gostin and Sridhar, 2014). Social issues make up a significant point in the context of health policies in the United Kingdom. In the western countries, there is a great influence of social concerns on health conditions as a whole. For example, an increase in health conditions like obesity and diabetes, along with an aeging population has a marked impact. There is an irresistible desire to deliver integrated care. This refers to the integration of delivery of care, like coordination of care, self-care, home care and care scheduling. Genuine healthcare business issues need to be solved immediately. Policies are made on the basis of the urgency to combine financial, clinical and administrative information (Bleich et al. 2012). Economics of the country is not far behind in making an impact on health policies. The economy of Europe is one of the recession or low growth sectors for the future. Therefore, there is less requirement for big government IT contracts. On the other hand, IT is taken up as the means of making efficiency savings. The looming information strategy from the Department of Health has chances of stressing this. All trusts in the country are finding it difficult to have an adequate control over costs. An estimation has been made that the total health IT that is spent in the country would reach to nearly 3 billion dollars by the year 2016, and it would be a 12% increase from what the situation was in the year 2010. Therefore, policies are made keeping this aspect in mind (Sandford, 2014). Next comes the need of focusing on political issues. There is a new coalition Government in the country that has committed to cut public spending (Lowndes and Pratchett, 2012). Thus, policies are reset for reducing cost. Lastly, attention needs to be given on religious and cultural influence on health policies. He influence of religion on healthcare has a long history. It has gained more prominence recently. Formulation of health care policies is surely underscored by several tensions regarding the features of the state, democracy and the impact of religion. There are no means of escaping the fact that religion requires people following a certain faith to access to particular health care services. The health issues that has gained attention in the context of religious beliefs are mental health and women care. Special attention needs to be given while making policies on such health issues (nef-europe.org, 2015). For a better understanding of the impact of influential factors on health policies, it would be a good idea to discuss the Health and Social care Act 2012. This Act was taken up for safeguarding the needs of the NHS to meet the challenges faced by it. This Act puts clinicians at the focus of commissioning, gives chance to innovate and empowered patient, thereby giving a new focus to public health. There are several factors that have influenced the change made in the policy. The rising demand for healthcare services and treatment costs is the most important influential factor. The constant need for bringing improvement in health care comes next in line. Public finances had made a considerable issue. The government had protected the NHS budget, thereby giving rise to a tight funding settlement while making the Act. Important legislative changes have been noticed in the Act. These include Clinically led commissioning, Provider Regulation to support innovative services, Greater voice for patients, New focus of public health, Greater accountability locally and nationally and Streamlined arms-length bodies (gov.uk, 2015). In conclusion, it can be said that brining changes in health and social policies is not an easy task and several barriers coming from the political, social and economic field makes a mark in influencing such policies in modern times in the United Kingdom. Policymakers must consider all the factors for brining significant changes in policies so that the aim of delivering the highest quality of care to the people of the country is fulfilled. References Bleich, S.N., Jarlenski, M.P., Bell, C.N. and LaVeist, T.A., 2012. Health inequalities: trends, progress, and policy.Annual review of public health,33, p.7. Gostin, L.O. and Sridhar, D., 2014. global health and the Law.New England Journal of Medicine,370(18), pp.1732-1740. gov.uk, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/138257/A1.-Factsheet-Overview-240412.pdf [Accessed 17 Dec. 2015]. Humphries, R. (2015). Integrated health and social care in England Progress and prospects.Health Policy, 119(7), pp.856-859. Lowndes, V. and Pratchett, L., 2012. Local governance under the coalition government: Austerity, localism and the Big Society.Local government studies,38(1), pp.21-40. nef-europe.org, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.nef-europe.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/NEF-RelDem-RELIGION-HEALTHCARE-Final.pdf [Accessed 17 Dec. 2015]. nuffieldtrust.org.uk, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.nuffieldtrust.org.uk/sites/files/nuffield/publication/policy-futures-9-ethics-dec99.pdf [Accessed 17 Dec. 2015]. Sandford, C.T., 2014.Economics of public finance: an economic analysis of government expenditure and revenue in the United Kingdom. Elsevier. Valderas, J.M., Fitzpatrick, R. and Roland, M., 2012. Using health status to measure NHS performance: another step into the dark for the health reform in England.BMJ quality safety,21(4), pp.352-353.

The Case of the Untouchable Water Carrier free essay sample

The caste system was and continues to be a terrible reality for people in Europe and Asia. Even though it is not as prominent now as it was before it was abolished, it still affects many people all around the world. To be born into a status, one that you can never leave or outlive is a great tragedy. How does one come to terms with knowing that a choice was never an option? It doesn’t matter if all the laws changed today, the fact remains that the human race is habitual: people will continue to operate based on what they have done for years. The abolition of slavery and the caste system didn’t mean that people would stop doing it but merely meant that it was no longer legal to do it. In this case, Raman tries to exact change because after all, the caste system was abolished, there are no more titles, and everyone should be allowed to have a job as long as they meet the qualifications. We will write a custom essay sample on The Case of the Untouchable Water Carrier or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He had every right to give Kishore a job, but he didn’t count on the mindset of the people he worked with. To them history was the present, and they were not about to break a habit that was pretty much all they knew to be constant. Relevance to International Business: Raman’s quandary here is one that most companies must deal with when plying their trade in countries outside of their own. MNE’s must comply with the policies of the country that they wish to conduct business or invest in. In the case, Raman’s bank has opened a branch in a location that is developing similar to a company moving its business into a developing country. This is an example of competitive positioning as they are using pre-emptive methods to secure profitability in that area. As such an established bank they should have been more aware of the local responsiveness of the personnel in their new branch. Even though the caste system had been abolished, the locals had not adjusted their mindset because it was already adopted as a habit to them. In a more direct sense, Raman made a decision on behalf of the company based on company policy and therefore there should have been no conflict as staff should follow policies. Unfortunately, the staff led with their beliefs and as a result jeopardized the operations of the bank and should be reprimanded as such. However, as an MNE the bank will be aiming to keep costs down and focus on keeping both customer and employee happy so â€Å"the untouchable water carrier† will most likely be the one to feel the brunt of the reprimand. Conclusion/Managerial Implication: As a manager at that bank Raman should have done more research on how the lifestyle of that particular region operated compared to where he was transferring from. His decision to hire the â€Å"untouchable† was not a wrong decision because, the fact still remains that the caste system was abolished. However, if he had done his research he would have known that the mindset of his staff was not up to par with his beliefs or the current law in regards to the caste system. He is now in a predicament where he will either risk losing clients or renege on a promise that he gave to Kishore by offering him the job in the first place. This is a lesson for other MNE’s as well because as they move into â€Å"unknown† territory they must thoroughly research the area and the people that live there to understand the culture and to aid in an easy diffusion process.

Cause & Effect Of Reading Books Essays - Reading, Free Essays

Cause & Effect Of Reading Books Essays - Reading, Free Essays Cause & Effect Of Reading Books This essay argues that the cause and effects of reading books are numerous, but will focus on one cause, starting to read books on a regular basis, and two effects, increased comprehension abilities, and the promotion of vocabulary growth. Reading skills are essential to success in society today. The ability to read is highly valued and very important for social and economic advancement. The following paragraphs will try to explain some of the important effects that reading books will have in a persons life. In America today, most children are beginning or trying to talk around the age of two years. This is a time when language skills are just starting to develop. Even though it usually too early of an age to expect a child to read, there is no reason why the parent cannot start the reading process by reading aloud to them. Instilling reading into a childs life can prove to be one of the most valuable skills that they will ever learn. As a result from reading books, the child will be more likely to read and speak in front of people. This is a very marketable skill to have in the workforce and for school. One of the effects that reading has on a person, is the ability to understand more terms or words, over a period of time. This is commonly 1 referred to as comprehension. Reading can be a challenge but is one that must be met accordingly in order to succeed. Children who are successful readers tend to exhibit progressive social skills. Having confidence in reading only comes from the daily practice of reading. One good way to accomplish the task of reading daily is through books. Reading books can develop a persons comprehension by learning new words. The easiest way to do this is to look up words in the dictionary that are not understood when they are first read. Writing these words down and reciting them aloud also help to establish them in memory. Incorporating these new words in everyday speaking will increase language skills and boost confidence in the speaker as well. The second effect that reading books has is vocabulary growth. Along the same lines of comprehension, the growth of vocabulary is also very important. Having a large vocabulary is not only impressive but useful in many areas of public speaking. For example, many politicians say the same things over and over again, and to the untrained listener this might go on unnoticed. Their ability to do this comes largely from an extensive vocabulary base. Many different words have the same meaning, or as they are more commonly referred to are synonyms. Upon looking up a word in 2 the dictionary one might be surprised to realize that they already know the definition to it. By cross-checking these words and learning the different synonyms to them, a vocabulary is being established. As a result of reading books over a period of time, a learning process is formed. In summary, although only two effects are mentioned within this essay, there are a great many benefits to be gained from reading books. It is proven that in this technological society, the demands for higher levels of literacy are creating unfavorable consequences for those who fall short. This is even more of a reason to get into the habit of reading books. Sharing books with a child is an active approach to the learning of lifelong language skills and to ensure future success. 3

Quoting Copyrighted Work

Quoting Copyrighted Work Quoting Copyrighted Work Quoting Copyrighted Work By Jacquelyn Landis One of the most common questions writers have is, how much of someone else’s work can you quote without securing reprint permission? Can you quote a stanza from a poem? A paragraph from a magazine article? A page from a novel? Unfortunately, the answer isn’t as clear as we might wish. It lies somewhere within the fair use doctrine of U.S. copyright law. The original intent of copyright law was to protect a writer’s work from someone else using and profiting from it. The framers of this law, however, didn’t want it to be so rigid that it prevented reasonable public use of copyrighted works. Hence, the fair use doctrine was written. In a nutshell, these are the factors you must consider when deciding whether it’s okay to quote without permission: 1. The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes. 2. The nature of the copyrighted work. 3. The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole. 4. The effect of the use upon the potential market for, or value of, the copyrighted work. (U.S. Code, Title 17, Section 107) As you can see, these factors are not clearly defined. A common myth is that writers are free to use 400 words from a book, 50 words from an article, or two lines from a poem or song, and it constitutes fair use. This is not true. In reality, fair use can only be determined by the court. And if you’re already in court, you’re in trouble. Song lyrics are particularly troublesome as the music industry is aggressive about protecting songwriters. Typically, you need reprint permission to use even a single line from a song. What this means to writers is that you should always be mindful of the fair use doctrine and take great care to seek reprint permission if you have any doubt. Furthermore, anytime you quote from someone else’s work, be sure to properly attribute it. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Egonomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Egonomics - Assignment Example The nature and pattern of human consumption has evolved significantly over the years with a significant move away from goods produced under mass production (initiated by the car maker Henry Ford) towards specialized production and finally customized production. It is not surprising that the focus of many companies today is no longer just the provision of an exceptional quality product or service but one which caters to niches and has the capability of being adapted as per individual requirements of the customer. In other words, personalization and the creation of unique customer experiences has become the new source of gaining competitive advantage in the midst of largely undifferentiated products and services. To set themselves apart from the crowd, consumers are increasingly flocking towards products that others do not have. This is because, as humans, our behavior is more often â€Å"irrational† than rational and that various purchases cannot be explained in the light of ae sthetics, utility of performance. In other words, the fact that most of engage in building and sustaining our self-esteem and self-confidence means that we often pay a price much higher than the actual worth of the product just for the sake of its exclusivity or limited availability. One such example is that of the recent launch of limited number of exclusive Apple iPhone 24 carat gold handsets that cost a fortune ($2853) to consumers (Trivedi).The pricing reflects the exclusivity of the product which, most consumers may find as a cushion to their self-image. Similarly, the LeBron James Limited Edition watch by Audemars Pigue is designed to cater to enthusiasts who would like to own this $51,500 watch (Adams) as a status symbol and to set them apart from the crowd. The high price reflects the (monetary) worth of the owner/consumer which is consistent with psychology that suggests that human beings are prone to engaging in impression management or casting favorable impressions of one self in the society. Furthermore, considering that humans have imperfect knowledge about themselves, they constantly strive for feedback from others (through praise of appreciation) to boost their perception of themselves. An example is of a customer who is praised by his friend for wearing a $51,500 watch and who receives increased attention from others by virtue of this valuable possession. This can be referred to as â€Å"personal branding† or differentiating yourself from other brands or individuals. In other cases, the same may be considered as a â€Å"requirement† as per social benchmarks (Benabou and Tirole). For instance, an individual attending high profile dinner of delegates may consider it as a disgrace to his self-worth to wear anything less than a custom-made designer outfit or designer shoes. Keeping these trends in view, it is no wonder that companies are looking towards the personalization of their service offerings as well. This is commonly known as o ne-on-one marketing or micro-targeting whereby promotional tools such as the e-mail, internet, direct mail, special events and others are used to target customers with specific psychographic profiles or lifestyles. For instance, HSBC posted banner ads on its websites that were highly personalized meaning that the bank offered special â€Å"offers† depending on the account balance of the customer and the content

Summary of Thucydides, The Melian Dialog. Summary of Machiavelli, Essay

Summary of Thucydides, The Melian Dialog. Summary of Machiavelli, Chapter 18 of the Prince - Essay Example Before this, the Athenians already had invaded an island Argos with a considerable amount of army and arrested their 300 men. Melos, like all the other islanders had refused the submissiveness towards the Athenians hence resulting in the revulsion from the Athenians empire. They were also offended by the Melian’s supportive towards the Sparta. They surrounded the Melos Island and before the attack they offered their options for the Melos, that if they surrender, then there should be no fight and the Athenians will not behead their men, and will bestow their and their loved ones’ lives. Athenian stated that they have ruled the place for so many years and they have the right to conquer and as Melian have never harmed them that’s why they are offering this great treaty of submission. Melians, unlike the Athenian representatives took a defensive stance towards the argument and asked another possibility of being a neutral friend between the Athenians and the Sparta. A thenian refused it, and said that their men think that as they were the warriors, it is their right to conquer the inferiors and subjugate others and if not done so, this will be considered as an act of shame and disgrace. Melians retorted by saying that, with such Athenian’s attitude, it reflects that any piece of land refuting the submission towards the Athenians would equivocally become the same as the Athenians as they refuse the Athenian’s governance over them. Then the discussion of God’s help flared up and with this Melian made their point that whatever the case may it is impossible for them to submit themselves, and give up the independence their men and women possessed for 700 years as this will be considered as the act of disgrace and shame from their side. They believed that their gods will bless them with success and often in a fight the chances of weak side depends upon the odds and the battle plan as well. Athenian representatives riposted that they appreciate

Importance of Knowing Grammar to Students Essay Example for Free

Importance of Knowing Grammar to Students Essay â€Å"indeed.† Grammar is the backbone of a language and without it any single thing you know may be flux, in a sort of jelly without much consistency. In a nutshell, grammar provides you with the structure you need in order to organize and put your messages and ideas across. It is the railway through which your messages will be transported. Without it, in the same way as a train cannot move without railways, you won’t be able to convey your ideas to their full extension without a good command of the underlying grammar patterns and structures of the language. I understand that many students ask this question simply because in their own experience they have always been presented with two main scenarios, and nothing in between. They want to know where they are going to be standing as regards to their learning. Which are those two scenarios? Well, in one extreme we have those language courses that teach grammar almost exclusively, as if preparing the students to be grammarians of the second language rather than users. In the other extreme we have those â€Å"communicative† courses in which the only thing that is done is to talk about something or to read an article and comment on it. In many cases, what is seen in one class has no resemblance to what is done in the next. In my experience, both scenarios may seem good for very specific purposes but I personally feel both are inappropriate for most language learners. For starters, by itself, a good command of the grammar of a language does not imply that the person is able to communicate effectively, as we usually see with students who have only been exposed to an all-grammar-oriented approach sometimes for many years. Many could recite the grammar by heart but if asked to express basic information, they would hesitate too much and browse through all the grammar rules in their heads before making an utterance, or simply dry up. Secondly, just talking in class without anything else done in order to learn from the actual conversation is not good enough either. It may be helpful of course, but up to a certain point. This approach may be more useful for very advanced students who just need to brush up their second language, but for those in need of building up the foundations of a new language, it is certainly too vague and flux, without any consistency. So then, when asked: is grammar really important for a second language learner? I always say yes, but, the real question, or issue here is not whether grammar is important or not but rather how we should present grammar to our students. You may be surprised to hear that most of my own students, even advanced ones, have very little awareness of grammar jargon and terminology, in spite of the fact that they can make a pretty good use of the second language. How is that possible? you may ask. First and foremost, teachers need to know precisely what they are trying to prepare their students for. I do know that what I want is to create users of a new language. I want to prepare people to actually engage in communicative situations using appropriate language and patterns. I am definitely not interested in their explaining to me or making a mental list of all the grammar uses that a certain pattern has. For example, think of your own native language. Name all the tenses that you can find in your own native tongue with their corresponding uses and structures. Unless you are a teacher, a translator or someone who needs to have a very good grasp of this meta-language, more likely than not you may feel at a loss to answer that question. And that does NOT mean in any sense that you are not a terrific user of that language. After all, you can understand and express whatever you want with ease. What is more, by being able to do so, you show an awesome command of the internal grammar of the language. If you knew no grammar patterns you would not be able to make a single sentence but you can. This means that although you may lack the conscious ability to describe how your language works (i.e. its grammar) you can use it perfectly. You are a user of the language. You make a perfect use of the grammar of your native language intuitively or unconsciously. Again, our primary goal as second language teachers must be to create users or the language, not linguists! It escapes the aim of this article to describe how we can achieve this but basically we are going to name the main elements to consider to create language users. To begin with, it should be noted that whatever we present our students with should follow a progression from the very general meaning to the very specific pattern or structure we want them to learn (or that they need to learn of course). I would like to highlight that all this takes place within the same class. Before we start to use the material we have selected, it would be good to introduce the students to the topic you are going to work on. You can have them guess or infer what the material will say about it, they can make predictions and when they fail to use appropriate language, you may provide it. This is good to elicit vocabulary that may be necessary for them to know in order to understand the topic. After you have created curiosity in the topic and provided students with key terms on the topic, make sure you follow a progression such as the one that follows: 1) Provide them with exposure to real language and real situations IN CONTEXT. 2) Initial focus on gist, not form. 3) Focus on more specific meaning. 4) We can then focus on very specific meaning. 5) Analysis and systematization: after we make sure the students have a good understanding of the whole material, you can have them focus on particular items or patterns that may be important for them to learn at their stage (i.e. grammar) You can systematize it more formally and teach them how it works. After all, they have already seen it in practice and they have also worked around meaning, now it is time for them to learn how to use it. 6) Give them exercises for them to practice the new structure. Do not be afraid of using grammar drills and patterns. They could be VERY useful for them to fix the new structures in their brains. 7) Give them homework to force them to revise this at a later time. The homework does not necessarily need to be communicative in nature. Profit from the time in class to communicate and interact. If possible, avoid drilling activities while you are with them in class. However, the time they are on their own could be very well used to do all the drilling and rote practice that may prove useful for them to gain a good command of the grammar form you are trying to teach them. Personally I feel that the time in class must be used for providing learners with as many communicative situations as possible, rather than making them focus on drills and patterns that they could easily practise on their own. 8) Provide them with ample opportunities to practice what they have learned in REAL or REALISTIC communicative situations. Create situations so that they can make lots of mistakes and encourage them to improve on them by reminding them of what they have studied. 9) Recycle and mention the topic again as many times as necessary, time and again. This is essential for them to finally acquire the new structures in a natural way. As you can see, I am not condemning grammar at all as some readers may feel when in my articles I complain about teachers working almost exclusively with a grammar-oriented approach. On the contrary, I feel it is essential in order to master a language. However, how grammar is presented to the students is what really matters. I utterly disagree with those teachers who come to class and tell the class: â€Å"Open your books. Today we will learn the â€Å"Simple Present Tense.† In the suggested steps to follow in any class, you will have noticed that I have used a quite eclectic approach, starting from a communicative situation (steps 1-4) with the focus on understanding the message from the gist up to very detailed info and later, and only later, once meaning is clearly understood, we reach the grammar item we may need our students to learn at their stage. The obvious advantage of this approach is that while dealing with grammar, the students will have a clear idea of the context in which it was used and the communicative need it satisfied.

The Functionalist and Marxist Views on the Purpose of Socialisation Es

The Functionalist and Marxist Views on the Purpose of Socialisation Functionalists and Marxists have very similar theories as to the socialisation process. I intend to show this and compare these similarities. There are many well-known functionalists but I am mainly focusing on the views of Talcott Parsons and Emile Durkheim in particular. There are many aspects of the socialisation process to cover both concerning functionalist and Marxist views, these include cultures (made up of many different branches), values (peoples beliefs), and norms (patterns of behaviour). Also primary and secondary socialisation. Functionalists and Marxists both share similar views on the socialisation process. Both viewpoints are based on the substructure of society this is formed by many external influences as follows; the family, media, religion, education and, the state. Both functionalist and Marxists believe that we are the products of social stimuli and are socialised according to our external influences. They both believe in the "top-down" theory seeing society as a stage with all these influences shaping our individual identities. " If society were a stage then we individuals are simply puppets dancing to the tune of the social structures that shape our identities- indeed our lives" (1) Functionalist and Marxists may have similar views but they do not share the same views as to why this process is. I personally believe that in a way we are like puppets, and that we are socialised into what is "right and wrong". I believe the biggest influence to be in the family, because the family are concerned with everything that shapes you... ... a lower class. To me this is wrong, as lower class seems to be putting one in ones place, lower being the operative word. The media do expose people being the positive side but then when one looks at copycat crimes you can't help but blame the media. A lot of influence does come in way of the family but this stems back generations and some adapt quicker to change than others. These too have been socialised by their peers and unfortunately can result in these inequalities in society remaining. However if people did not conform to the norms/values that society thrusts upon them, and there were many deviants, this would surely result in anarchy. But so it is, people do conform, and surely enough society roles on as, as both functionalist and Marxists agree " society is more important than the individuals within it"(12)

Juvenile Violence Essay

In the increasing debate of child criminals and their proneness towards recidivism, there exists the issue of rehabilitation. In point of fact the entire issue of juvenile delinquency hinges upon the ability of the offender to re-enter society not as a criminal but as a redemptive individual ready to become a working part of society. In the questions that arise from the concern over juvenile delinquency the recurring question is this: Are children who commit crimes rehabilitated by the juvenile court system, or are they more likely to commit criminal acts as adults? In the answering of this fundamental question, aspects of the child criminal are brought to the forefront of the debate, and these include, the attachment the child has with parental figure and the morality that exists in the child because of that relationship or the amorality that exists because of lack of a relationship. Also, the connection the juvenile has with school and community becomes prevalent when after school programs are a deterrent to crime. Throughout this essay, such rehabilitation techniques will be dissected and examined, and a cause and effect scenario will be produced. Amalgamating facts on the juvenile delinquent and the process by which they become a delinquent is the aim of this paper. The reintroduction of a delinquent into society will be presented as the purpose of the juvenile court system and whether this system fails or should receive accolades is the determining factor in rehabilitation. Other factors in the rehabilitation of the delinquent, and the effectiveness of these alternative methods will also be presented. It must also be included in the paper the viewpoint of trying child criminals as adults for their crimes and whether or not such punishment is just and rehabilitative or merely a deterrent in the growth away from such delinquent behavior. In essence, the purpose of this paper is to reveal whether or not juvenile delinquents have a chance to become integral parts of a working society and whether the juvenile court system impedes or motivates the delinquent to become a model citizen. The question we must then ask is; are juvenile detention centers merely an impetus for juveniles to continue with their criminal lifestyle, and is trying them as adults paving the path towards them becoming a hardened criminal? The intention of this paper is to delve into the causes of juvenile violence, whether or not programs retarding recidivism work and the theory behind their efficacy, and a major section of the paper will introduce violent behavior and its causes (i. e. peer groups, parental control, and cultural background). Delinquent Behavior/Definition/Parents Juvenile delinquency is refereed as the act of committing serious crimes of a person ranging from ages of 10 through 17 years in the society. Juvenile delinquency had been a major problem because of the committed serious crimes. The social issues of juvenile delinquency cases are being monitored and the alarming effects made many lawmakers find a way to stop this. The Justice Department of United States defines a juvenile delinquent as the offender of the laws of the country as stated by the court and who is a minor. In view of delinquent behavior there must be a definition and applicable theory to first aid in deciding what causes such conduct (Quas et al. 2002, 247). In Hirschi’s book Causes of Delinquency (1969) there are presented three different theory types in regards to delinquent behavior. These theories have applicable grounds, by which the delinquent acts out, as Hirschi states, Three fundamental perspectives on delinquency and deviant behavior dominate the current scene. According to strain or motivational theories, legitimate desires that conformity cannot satisfy or force a person into deviance. According to control or bond theories, a person is free to commit delinquent acts because his ties to the conventional order have somehow been broken. According to cultural deviance theories, the deviant conforms to a set of standards not accepted by a larger or more powerful society. (Hirschi 1969, 3) The idea of conformity is a major part of the decision process of whether or not a child becomes a delinquent. Conformity to whom is the major question presented by each theory. The conformity to a society should discipline a child into model behavior while the conformity to a gang or group of friends whose lifestyle consists of criminal acts is merely another form of orthodoxy in that particular group. In the conformity of either gang or community the underlying current of thought for the delinquent is desire. Human desire to be a part of something and be accepted by that larger group is the impetus towards deliberating behavior. Humans are creatures whose desires propel them on towards actions, whether or not those actions are legitimated by society or a gang is not concerting but rather a person sometimes feels that their desires are above the law, and when that desire is about acceptance, many formal rules are broken, as Hirschi states, Having thus established that man is a moral animal who desires to obey the rules, the sociologist was then faced with the problem of explaining his deviance. Clearly, if men desire to conform, they must be under great pressure before they will resort to deviance. In the classic strain theories, this pressure is provided by legitimate desires. A man desires success, for example, as everyone tells him he should, but he cannot attain success conforming to the rules; consequently, in desperation, he turns to deviant behavior or crime to attain that which he considers rightfully his. (Hirschi 1969, 5). In defining the deviance of a juvenile his or her own personal issues towards conformity become apparent. There is of course the issue of morality with problems about crimes. For a delinquent, their understanding about crime, and their acts therein, depend independently upon who has previously governed their conceptions of the criminal lifestyle. On this issue, Hirschi states, â€Å"In strain theory, man is a moral animal. His morality accounts for the pressure that I built into the model. If morality is removed, however, if man is seen as an amoral animal, then tremendous pressure is unnecessary in accounting for his deviance† (Hirschi 1969, 10). A child, to a certain extent is not solely responsible for their own actions, because they mirror what has been presented to them. Parents should be highly considered when any discussion or debate about the morality of children and their proceeding stature as a criminal is discussed. The influence of the family in the juvenile’s criminal disposition is further emphasized through Aspy et al. ’s article which stating that, Many of these risk factors are related to the economic resources available to the family. Family income has been shown to be protective in that youth from wealthier families are less likely to be involved in weapon carrying (Blum et al. , 2000). Although the number of children below the poverty line is on the decline, overall, there remain racial/ethnic differences in family structure and poverty† (Aspy et al. 2004, 82). The use of family as a predictor in the violence and criminal behavior of a child is further emphasized through Ellickson and McGuigan’s research, For predatory violence, there were 6 predictors: frequency of using alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana during grade 7; higher levels of perceived drug use by one’s middle school peers; being male; being multiracial; coming from a nuclear family; and rebelliousness. However the last two variables had an impact was contrary to our predictors with adolescents from nuclear families more likely to be frequent perpetrators of predatory violence and rebellious youth less likely to be frequent perpetrators of predatory violence (Ellickson and McGuigan 2000, 570). With this understanding of the juvenile mindset, the parental control over the thoughts and sentiments that the juvenile has towards crime should be discussed. The amount of exposure a child has with their parents may be considered positive or negative in regards to rehabilitation or the furthering of the child’s life into crime depending on the morality of the parents. The juvenile court system lays great claim to the lack of control parents have with regards to their children and thus the child is sent to a more appropriate atmosphere. The juvenile court system sometimes takes control away from the parents and gives it to an institute. To keep on track, the child’s exposure to their parents may offer a great opportunity to examine the process of the making of a juvenile delinquent. Hirschi gives us the fact that parental control may be a great deterrent to a life of crime. In control theory it is believed that the greater the bond between a parent and a child, the less likely it is for that child to become delinquent (Hirschi 1969, 83). When a child contemplates a criminal act, according to control theory, and decides to either follow through with the act or to discard the act, depends upon the extent to which that their parents are moral beings have ingrained in that child such morality. On this subject, Hirschi states, â€Å"In the light of the cultural deviance perspective, the child unattached to his parents is simply more likely to be exposed to â€Å"criminogenic influences. † He is, in other words, more likely to be free to take up with a gang. His lack of attachment to his parents is, in itself, of no moral significance† (Hirschi 1969, 85). The attachment a child exhibits to their parents should have great influence on the juvenile court system as to whether or not the child can be rehabilitated. Since the morality of a parent seems to have great sway as to the sentiments and sometimes actions of a juvenile delinquent, the parent should be given custody and paroling powers over the child instead of a juvenile institution or prison. The socialization from the earliest stage of child development is dependent upon the parent. The conformity a child feels they must succumb to the conformity the parent instills in the child. Hirschi states that in control theory advocates of alternative law enforcement find the internalization of norms depends on the early socialization the child has been exposed to under the guidance of the parent. The emotional bond between parent and child delivers to the child the same mores and values held in esteem of the parent. The parent’s expectations of the child become well known and are fostered through this bond. If, however, the child is alienated or distanced from their parent, such bonds prove to be nihilistic. The feeling the child has of moral rules when the bond is severed or otherwise incapacitated proves to be the leading factor in the delinquent lifestyle. When the parent shows little concern for the child’s actions or is simply not in the child’s life, then that child is void of moral laws, codes and societal norms (Hirschi 1969, 86). The child’s development of a superego or conscious will not develop if such a bond is nonexistent. Of parental bonds and the forming of child delinquents, Hirschi goes on to state, The child attached to his parents may be less likely to get into situations in which delinquent acts are possible, simply because he spends more of his time in their presence. However, since most delinquent acts require little time, and since most adolescents are frequently exposed to situations potentially definable as opportunities for delinquency, the amount of time spent with parents would probably be only a minor factor in delinquency prevention. So-called â€Å"direct control† is not, except as a limiting case, of much substantive or theoretical importance. The important consideration is whether the parent is psychologically present when temptation to commit a crime appears. If, in the situation of temptation, no thought is given to parental reaction, the child is to this extent free to commit the act. (Hirschi 1969, 88). Parental concern and involvement, in regards to control theory, is thus proven to be a staple in the forming of healthy relationships between child and society and the deterring factor that limits delinquency.

Britain Imperialism

Expansionism The question when it comes to Britain and other empires, would be how they influenced and helped to fuel an entire race for an empires' expansion. New imperialism began creation on continuous practice in the sass's in the European scale of things. Industrial powers or backings help create an empire of control. With any nation in history, new technology often equates to an increase in knowledge and power. There are also many factors that cause things as such as new imperialism.Those factors include things such as geopolitics, nationalism and economic factors. The effect on Britain's decision to adopt this form of expansion was completely influenced by Europe, as all other countries eventually were. According to the noted Winston Churchill, â€Å"give peace to warring tribes, to administer Justice where all was violence, to strike the chains off the slave, to draw the richness from the soil, to place the earliest seeds of commerce and learning, to increase in whole people s their capacities for pleasure and diminish their chances of pain. Snobbery, p. 149) Most of all nations would disagree that imperialism is good or beneficial to anyone else's country but their own. Whether it is the affects of Europe or non-European cultures and countries, imperialism seems to be beneficial on a large scale, which is why every country and culture wants control of it. There were many imperialist activities that took place within or concerning Britain in the 19th century. It is shown throughout Britain's history the significant events that have led up to imperialism in this nation.Going back in early 19th hundreds, it is noted that the British did indeed force China into the opium trade in the early sass's which in turned caused a shift to begin. Back in 1839-1841 and again in 1878-1880, the Bruits had gone to war with Afghanistan to protect its property in the form of POS and India, as well as the northern frontier. Originally Britain took over India back in 1825 a nd fought to maintain its control. Even earlier in history, many people requested and sought out the protection of Britain, including Malay Sultanates.Later n the twentieth century, in 1914, Britain completely controlled Malay. In a place called Borneo, Karakas had become under the ownership of an ex -Brim by the name of James Brooke, whom also was a solder for the East India Company. Furthermore and eventually in 1888, Saba became a British province. Within that same year, the former owner of Saba, Brunet also fell under British control. Reference:

Expert Interview with Sherri Thomas on Career Coaching

Expert Interview with Sherri Thomas on Career Coaching Sherri Thomas started her career on the corporate side in training, development, marketing and branding, but she’s best known for her work in career coaching as an author and expert. She sat down with us to explain career coaching and why it’s so important. Why is career coaching more important than ever?Right now, companies all over the world are in a fight for survival. They’re in a continuous loop of expanding, downsizing, merging and being bought out by a competitor. As an employee, nobody is safe. And the only way to survive is knowing how to identify and create your own career opportunities.Why are so many finding it so hard to get a job?We’ve become an online society where convenience is the driving force. It’s much easier to shop, bank, get an advanced degree, etc., online than it is to actually drive to a place of business. Therefore, many jobs have been lost due to the Internet or outsourcing. Fewer jobs mean a higher than normal talent po ol of job seekers.What do job seekers do to sabotage themselves without even realizing it?The biggest mistake I see professionals making is creating a one-size-fits-all resume. That is, putting all of their skills along with every job they’ve ever had onto one resume, and then forwarding that resume to all of their job leads. You need to be much more strategic when applying for a job. Only showcase those skills, accomplishments and previous employments that relate to the new job. The hiring manager doesn’t care about every job you’ve ever had. He only cares about whether you can do his job.What’s one thing everybody should have on their resume that they may not realize, and why?I create a section on my clients’ resumes called â€Å"Additional Skills† to highlight relatable and transferable skills, which may not have been addressed on the job description. This is a great way to feature some of those unique skills you have and give you a compe titive edge against the competition.What are some trends in hiring and human resources we should be keeping an eye on?Creating a skills matrix will get you noticed. A skills matrix is a very simple way of showing how your experience and expertise directly aligns with the job’s key requirements. This means that your resume and skills matrix need to be customized and targeted for every job you go after. It takes time and effort, but the benefit is having more high-quality job interviews!Sherri Thomas is a Career Strategist. She teaches others how to think differently and more proactively in their careers. Her book, The Bounce Back, is the 2013 winner of â€Å"Best Career Book† by Indie Book Awards for independent book authors. Download her free three-part video training series, â€Å"15 Clever Ways to Get More Job Offers,† at Career Coaching 360.

How to Grow Baking Soda Crystals

How to Grow Baking Soda Crystals Baking soda or sodium bicarbonate crystals tend to be small and white. Sometimes they can look a little like frost or icing when grown on a string. Heres how you grow baking soda crystals yourself: Materials Baking sodaWaterClean jar or glassStringWeight (e.g., paperclip)Pencil or butter knife (to hold the string over the glass) Prepare the Container You want to hang the string in the glass or jar so that it doesnt touch the sides or bottom of the container. Tie the string to the pencil or knife, weight it so it will hang straight, and adjust the length of the string so that it doesnt touch the bottom of the container. Prepare the Solution Mix as much baking soda as you can into just-boiled water. For 1 cup of water, this is approximately 7 teaspoons of baking soda. Add the baking soda a little at a time, stirring between additions, because carbon dioxide gas will be evolved, causing the solution to bubble initially. Alternatively, heat baking soda and cool water until it is near-boiling. Allow the solution to sit undisturbed for a few moments to allow any undissolved baking soda to sink to the bottom of the cup. Grow Baking Soda Crystals Pour the baking soda solution into the container. Avoid getting undissolved baking soda in the glass.You may wish to cover the container with a coffee filter or paper towel to keep the solution clean while permitting evaporation.Allow the crystals to grow as long as you like. If you start to see a lot of crystal growth on the sides of the container rather than on your string, pour the remaining solution into a new container. Transfer your string to the new container to get better growth.When you are satisfied with your crystals, you can remove them from the solution and allow them to dry.

A Trip to Remember Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

A Trip to Remember - Personal Statement Example So it definitely was not an enjoyable experience to visit the beaches. But I must admit that the beaches are beautiful and I certainly do not mind a tan! Another downside to this vacation was the heat. It was a pity that we were surrounded by water but potable water was only available on the bigger Island. The sun was out on a killing spree and the tourists were the victims. Those who managed to survive the heat and sand, had another issue staring at them i.e. hunger! I am happy to say that the food was what made this vacation a vacation for me! The people there are very festive and happy and this clearly reflected in our eating experiences. In the one week that we stayed there, there was not a single meal or a restaurant that was not memorable for somebody in my family. We enjoyed all sorts of international cuisines. Another downside to this vacation was the heat. It was a pity that we were surrounded by water but potable water was only available on the bigger Island. The sun was out on a killing spree and the tourists were the victims. Those who managed to survive the heat and sand, had another issue staring at them i.e. hunger! I am happy to say that the food was what made this vacation a vacation for me! The people there are very festive and happy and this clearly reflected in our eating experiences. In the one week that we stayed there, there was not a single meal or a restaurant that was not memorable for somebody in my family. We enjoyed all sorts of international cuisines there.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Fictional story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fictional story - Essay Example Since he looked hopeless and pathetic, the Holmes were happy that he could help them with some homework. They hoped to keep him so that they could also send him for errands and leave them at home looking after the kids. â€Å"How much will you be paying me for the responsibilities?† asked John, â€Å"we do not have to pay you, that will compensate for the accommodation and food that we will be giving you.† Upon hearing this, John was annoyed. He started complaining and even almost insulted the Holmes for their lack of concern for him. It took the intervention of Julieta, a woman who personally knew John in the village. Since he had no other place to go, he had to accept the deal with the Holmes. Life at the Holmes was a bit challenging. He was forced to wake up early and slept late. Although he did not spend not even a cent of his savings, he did not earn anything except food and accommodation benefit. This infuriated John and made him confront the Holmes on the second day, â€Å"This is too unfair! I have to leave you alone with your pathetic offers.† John had started imagining that everything would work out well for him and that he no longer needed Holmes’ help. He even accused the Holmes of misusing him and vowed to sue them by the end of the week. This is despite the fact that he had personally agreed to the initial deal of staying with them and doing what the family does for no pay. Outside the Holmes, life was not as he had expected. It reminded him of his school days when he solely depended on his peers. When he was in class five, he had entered into a peer gang that taught him many ‘skills’ including what he referred to as ‘taking what others had misplaced.’ The only thing that kept John away from stealing is the memory of his late father who had died while John was twelve. John had not seen his father since birth and only spent three months with him before his death. As his mother had earlier narrated to

Macroeconomic Performance of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Macroeconomic Performance of China - Essay Example The country's economic progress is visible in terms of all these factors - the huge jump in per capita incomes, the increased scope of activities for non - state sector enterprises, and its closer integration with the global economy. The Chinese economy grew at a healthy rate of 8% in the year 2000. The growth was stimulated by supportive macroeconomic policies, and a favorable external environment. PESTLE Analysis - an Introduction: PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding the "big picture" of the environment, in which you are operating, and the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which you operate (external to your company or department), you can take advantage of the opportunities and minimize the threats (RAPIDBI). Specifically the PEST or PESTLE analysis is a useful tool for understanding risks associated with market growth or decline, and as such the position, potential and direction for a business or organization. Political Environment: Political forces influence the legislations and government rules and regulations under which the firm operates. Every company faces political constraints in the form of antitrust laws, fair trade decisions, and tax programs, minimum usage legislations, pollution and pricing policies, administrative activities and many other actions, aimed at protecting the consumers and the local environment. These laws, rules and regulations affect a company's profits. However, there are other political actions such as patent laws, government subsidies and product research grants that support business activities. Thus, political forces influence the organization both positively and negatively. Political activity also influences three additional functions, viz. the supplier function, the customer function and the competitor function. The customer function is influenced by the political activity when government demand for products and services can create, sustain, enhance or eliminate many market opportunities. Economic Environment: Economic factors clearly indicate the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates. Every market is unique and consumption patterns change along with the wealth of the consumers in various market segments. For strategic planning all the economic trends at national and international levels have to be considered. Prime interest rates, inflation rates and trends in the growth of the Gross National Product (GNP), general availability of credit, the level of disposable income and the propensity of people to spend are the economic trends that have to be analyzed. The potential economic impact of international forces appeared to be severely restricted and was largely discounted until recently. The focus of economic environmental forecasting was changed by the new international power brokers. The European Economic Community (EEC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and coalitions of lesser-developed countries (LDC) are three well known examples of influential international power brokers. Social Environment: The social environment is an important factor as changes in the values, beliefs, attitudes, opinions and lifestyles in society create potential opportunities for an organization. For a company to grow, it is necessary to take advantage of societal

RFID and NFC Comparison and Analysis

RFID and NFC Comparison and Analysis RFID and NFC RFID JRI faces multiple problems that can be resolved with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and NFC card payments. RFID technology consists of three main components: a chip, a reader, and a database. RFID works through a series of steps. First, the RFID reader sends energy to the RFID chip that is placed within or on the exterior of any type of device. The RFID chip receives the energy from the reader, and transmits information to it. The reader can process this information and send it to a database (Bonsor Felon, 2017). The chips will be placed onto devices that need to be used for tracking purposes such as rental equipment, golf clubs, and tennis rackets. This source of information will be transformed into data through the RFID reader and tracked in a database in order to determine how long someone used the object and where it is. Then, when the guest pays, they will have their accounts automatically charged without having someone input that information. RFID differentia tes itself from barcodes in many ways. Traditionally, almost every object in a store is tagged with a barcode that must be scanned one by one by a clerk at the checkout. RFID chips will still be placed on object like the barcodes, but there will be no need for them to be scanned on by one because the RFID readers can detect them within a roughly 20-foot range (Bonsor Felon, 2017). Suppose that guests wanted to purchase an assortment of items on the JRI resort. They would simply grab what they want, walk out and make their payment with the NFC card (will be explained later). This will overall reduce the bottlenecks of checkout lines by a significant margin. Business Processes The way this will influence the business process is that the important resources of JRI will be managed more efficiently using crucial information. Guests at JRI will also have an RFID chip on their NFC card that will allow them to enter and exit certain facilities without having to put their card up to the door. The reason this process works is because the RFID chip will contain all the ID of the customer such as their age and their name. Activities use information to determine how inputs transfer into outputs, and in this case, the input will be the identification of the customer and the output will be the ability for the information system to grant them access or not. As mentioned before, the most crucial information in this system will be all the data of the specific object the RFID chip is attached to just like a barcode. Facilities at JRI will need to be updated to accommodate this technology for one important reason: checkpoints. When a customer has their items they want and w ant to leave the store, there needs to be checkpoints that customers walk through that will indicate that they want to purchase the item and pay for it with their NFC card. The readers need to be placed in strategic positions depending on the product, but in general, they would be in the same place a traditional barcode scanner would be. And finally, the resources of the company will be positively influenced because the suppliers of products to the resort will have more accurate tracking systems and they will know when they need to restock their inventories. Less workers will be required to check out items too which will alleviate labor costs of the business. NFC The second component of my alternative is the NFC card reader. The way this information system would work is this: before customers arrive at the resort, they will go to the website of JRI and sign up for an NFC card. They will enter relevant information like their name, credit card number, and email address. When they arrive at the resort, they will receive an NFC card that has their picture identification and will be used to make payments; the charges will be deducted from their credit card account accordingly. The benefit of this system is that the card will also contain a username and password that will be used to log into various computers that will be spread out through the resort so that they can log on to preorder meals, book golf games, and much more. Any purchases they make at these computers will automatically be charged to their account because it already includes their login information that is tied to their accounts. The NFC purposes of the card will serve to facilitate payments because items will already have an RFID chip and customers will simply have to grab their items, walk past the checkout checkpoint, then they cap their card at an NFC terminal and all leave. A benefit of the NFC payment method is also that the existing payment terminals at JRI will only need to be updated for roughly $150 dollars each and there would be no additional fees that the guests would have to pay (5). And since they already leave their phones when they check in, this feature must be embedded onto a card, like Tim Hortons cards that are used across Canada. Business Processes The business process would be impacted by the NFC card payment because of its impact on how the business works. The activities of the customer would be the purchases of different items at the resort. Rather than carry both and ID and credit card, they would simply be able to use their NFC card that would already contain all their relevant information that must be submitted before they come to the resort. Therefore, the NFC card would convert the identification and payment information into a payment transaction, and because the items already have RFID chips embedded in them, shipping invoices would automatically be made and sent to the supplier for more products (and resources).ÂÂ   For the customer however, they will mostly be impacted by the fact that tapping their card at any payment terminal will automatically connect their identification and credit card info to the purchase to that they can receive items in return. This transaction also impacts the information aspect of the business process too. The final two business processes that are impacted by the NFC payment are the resources of JRI which include the workers, customers, and cash. The workers will not need any additional training for this system because it is already like the existing tap to pay transactions that exist on traditional payment systems, and the customers will be familiar with the system too. The other resources that JRI will no longer need to be concerned with is credit cards and identification because it will be combined onto the NFC. The structures within the business process that will need to be updated will be, as mentioned before, the payment terminals. This is overall a small compromise to make in return for the benefits of a tap to pay transaction that will improve the overall experience of the customer and speed up the transactions. Advantages and Disadvantages of RFID and NFC system RFID The benefits of the RFID system are that it has multiple functions such as the ability to track items and provide meaningful information to the owners of JRI. Knowing where items are, how long they have been checked out and used, and being able to transfer that information into orders is a huge benefit to the organization. The other advantage of passive RFID technology is that the RFID tags can be attached on the outside of objects or inside them (Bonsor Felon, 2017). Most of the major downsides of RFID technology are concerns about privacy and security. Also, to implement RFID, there would need to be coordinated efforts by the management at JRI to transition from barcodes to RFID tags on items; the doors would have to be updated to detect RFID tags as well. The constraints of RFID are that the only cost-effective solution is through the passive technology that can only be activated if it is somewhat close to an RFID terminal. If management wanted to track the range of certain items within the distance of the entire resort, they would need to make significant investment that would not be worth the overall cost. NFC The main advantages of the NFC system are the ease of payments that are provided with the tap to pay system. Customers can simply approach the payment terminal and tap their cards and go about their day without any delays. Compared to RFID, NFC does have some security advantages because it works within a much shorter range and the user data cannot be accessed by someone else without them being pretty much in contact with the card. The benefit of the username and password system of the NFC card is basically that guests at JRI will be able to plan their evenings. They can preorder meals, book a table, book a tee time to golf, and do much more. The disadvantages and constraints of NFC payments are that they are not hands free and work within a close range. Guests will also need to carry a car wherever they go and take it out of their pocket when they make purchases. Also, usernames and passwords can be stolen. If someone happens to drop their card, another guest could simply use it to m ake purchases either through the computer or the NFC payment systems. Cost / Benefit Analysis According to RFID Journal (n.d.), RFID tag costs range from 7 to 15 cents and the readers cost $500 to $2000 dollars. Comparing the cost to the benefit for the customer, this system overall provides a clear advantage over traditional barcodes. The ability for guests to not wait in line and walk through a checkpoint with their items without waiting for them to be scanned is worth the extra implementation costs of this new system. The information that management will receive about the location of their items too will provide meaningful rewards for their investments. There would also be costs for the business to set up computers around the resort. The price of desktop computers varies significantly, but JRI could buy around thirty computers to start with for $1000 dollars per unit and place them strategically around the resort. Comparing the costs to the benefits, its clear that the quick payment method of NFC cards will be a huge value to JRI and the customers. Even families that bring their kids to the resort can easily show them how to use their card, or add another card to their parents account, which they be given permission to use for small purchases. A user-friendly and familiar system will contribute to the profitability and user experience. And finally, the benefit of the username and password system that is implemented on the NFC card will provide value to customers that like to plan and do not like to wait. References Bonsor, K. Fenlon, W. (November 5, 2017). How RFID Works [Web]. Retrieved from http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/gadgets/high-tech-gadgets/rfid1.htm RFID Journal (n.d.) RFID Frequently Asked Question [Web]. Retrieved from https://www.rfidjournal.com/faq/show?86

The Winslow Boy by Terrance Rattigan :: Free Essay Writer

The Winslow Boy by Terrance Rattigan The Winslow Boy is a play by Terrance Rattigan. It is based on the Archer-Shee case, and is about a young fourteen-year-old boy named Ronnie, who is expelled from the Osbourne Naval Cadets for stealing a five-shilling postal order. This essay is all about some of Ronnie’s friends and family, and their different views on the case. Arthur is Ronnie’s father. He believes that Ronnie is innocent because he knows his son better than anybody and can tell when he is lying or not. On page 34-35, Arthur asks Ronnie, â€Å"Did you steal this postal order?† Ronnie’s then replies, â€Å"No, Father. I didn’t.† Arthur asks again, staring into his eyes, â€Å"Did you steal this postal order?† â€Å"No, Father. I didn’t.† Arthur continued to stare into his eyes for a moment, then relaxes. This tells us that Arthur has decided that Ronnie is innocent. At one point, he had been talking to Grace, and she had almost convinced him to give the case up, and he nearly did. He told Sir Robert Moreton and Catherine that he wasn’t going to go through with the case, but they knew that he didn’t mean it, so they gave him a few days and he decided that he had made the wrong decision and went back to Sir Robert. Grace is Ronnie’s mother. She believes that Ronnie is innocent, and that he didn’t steal the postal order, but she was very shocked when Ronnie was expelled. However, she is not as involved in the case as Arthur, and believes that he is â€Å"Blowing the whole thing out of proportion†. On page 78, for example, Grace is having a conversation with Arthur, â€Å"Oh! I wish I could see the sense of it all! (She points to Ronnie) He’s perfectly happy at a good school, doing very well. No need to ever have known about Osbourne, if you hadn’t gone and shouted it out to the whole world. As it is, whatever happens now, he’ll go through the rest of his life as ‘That boy in the Winslow Case’ â€Å" She is very motherly and comforting towards Ronnie and doesn’t like the amount of stress being put on Ronnie by the case. Catherine, Ronnie’s older sister, is a very strong-minded and intelligent person. She definitely knows that Ronnie did not steal the postal order and will not give up the case without a fight, and is prepared to sacrifice even her husband for Ronnie’s rights (This shows strong family bonds).

Developing a Philosophy of Leadership Essay

A leadership philosophy is the way we see ourselves as leaders. This philosophy guides our actions, our behaviors, and our thoughts. Our philosophies are influenced by external and internal forces. We can change who we are as leaders by simply changing our philosophy of leadership. Leadership philosophies can change as you grow to understand yourself within the context of leading. Creating or finding your leadership philosophy means that you must explore and reflect upon your personal values, assumptions, and beliefs about leadership. Personal values are qualities or characteristics that you value. You would rather leave an organization or step down as a leader than violate your values. Your values guide your intentions and they influence how you lead. When your personal values are clear and you are conscious of them, you create a solid foundation for leading. Assumptions are ideas that are assumed or believed to be true. As a leader it is important to understand what assumptions fuel your leadership thinking. Often leaders are not aware of the assumptions because they are operating from certain paradigms that will not allow them to see assumptions. Reflection into one’s leadership is an excellent way to uncover assumptions. Beliefs are ideas that we hold to be true; they shape our realities. If a leader believes that the only individuals in an organization that can make decisions is the management staff, then that belief will influence how the leader treats others. Beliefs can also be unconscious; they are for us a habitual way of thinking and acting that it doesn’t cross our minds that our beliefs may be prohibiting us. The following is an exercise to help you create, find, or define your personal philosophy of leadership. Exercise 1: Identifying Your Leadership Values From the list below, pick five core values that you feel describe and guide who you are as a leader. You may choose other values that are not on this list. Place them in the following chart and answer the questions in the matrix. 1. Write down two stories of leadership. One story should describe a positive experience you’ve had with leadership and the second story should describe a time when you had a negative experience with leadership. 2. In the space below, write down your definition of leadership. 3. Using your definition of leadership, please elaborate how you first came to understand (or know) your leadership definition. 4. Describe who are the individuals or organizations that influence your leadership definition. For each of the questions in this section, ask yourself: 1. What were my assumptions? 2. What influenced my assumptions? 3. Would others (co-workers, friends, supervisors) see the situations I described differently? Exercise 3: Understanding Your Leadership Beliefs Answer the following questions about leadership beliefs. By reflecting on these questions, you will find what beliefs you hold about leadership. 1. Can people who have caused others harm be leaders, e.g. Adolph Hitler? 2. Should leaders have certain qualities to be able to lead? 3. Who decides who leads? 4. How do leaders gain credibility? 5. In general, is there something good about leadership? 6. What do you think is the purpose for leadership? 7. Is leadership behavior developed through personal experiences or through external forces? For the questions above, write down one statement for each question that best illustrates your belief about that question. For example, if you answered #6 with: The purpose of leadership is to provide vision, guidance, and bring people together for a common good. It unites people and gets them to join together for a goal, then your belief statement may be: I believe that leadership provides a vision to create a common good. Write a statement for each question. These statements will be used in combination with the other activities to create a philosophy of leadership for you. Exercise 4: Finalizing Your Leadership Philosophy Now that you’ve identified your leadership values, uncovered your leadership assumptions, and understand what beliefs guide your leadership thinking, you are now ready to write statements reflecting your leadership philosophy using the responses above. Statements about your leadership should be written in the present moment not in the future tense. Creating â€Å"present moment† statements helps you to internalize and visualize your philosophy as it is happening now, not in the future or the past. Your leadership philosophy should be a statement that consists of your responses from the above exercise. It doesn’t have to include everything, but it should encompass the general idea of what you’ve written. It doesn’t have to be formatted in a certain way – just whatever makes sense to you. You can write one sentence statements or you can write a story explaining your philosophy. Start with an initial draft of your philosophy and write it down. Revise it as often as you need. Remember, your philosophy can change depending on where you are at with your leadership. After you’ve finished, type out your philosophy on a nice sheet of paper and frame it. Add pictures or artwork to your philosophy. Place it in an area where you will see it all the time; this will serve as a reminder to you to remain true to your leadership. The following is a sample philosophy statement consisting of one sentence statements. Remember, you can write your philosophy in any way that makes sense to you. My Leadership Philosophy is†¦ I believe that leadership is a journey that consists of followers and leaders. I balance my work and personal success. I always help people to find the best in themselves. I spend time reflecting on my leadership and its implications on others. I value integrity in personal and professional development. I respect leadership from different perspectives and ways of knowing. I listen with respect and gratitude to others.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Lab

Antibiotic Sensitivity lab A. Define the term selectively toxic. Why is it an important feature of antimicrobial agents? Selective toxicity is the ability of a chemical or drug to kill a microorganism without harming its host. Selective toxicity is important to microbial agents because it enables these agents to inhibit or kill a microorganism by interacting with microbial functions or structures different from those of the host thereby showing little or no effect to the host. B. What are broad and narrow spectrum antimicrobials? What are the pros and cons of each?Broad spectrum antimicrobials are drugs that are effective against a wide variety of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Narrow spectrum antimicrobials are effective only against gram negative bacteria. Pros and cons of each: Narrow spectrum microbial is normally better to use because they cause less damage to the body's normal flora. They are less likely to cause drugs resistant strains of microorganisms because they are specific in nature and are less likely to cause super infection by opportunistic microorganisms like yeast infections.The main disadvantages are that Narrow spectrum microbial sometimes is more prone to allergic reaction to the host. Broad spectrum antimicrobials on the other hand also have their own advantages in that they are able to deal with more than one kind of bacteria and as such one does not have to use drugs indiscriminately reducing chances of allergic reactions and drug toxicity. The main disadvantage is that they cause more harm to the body's normal flora. C. What is direct selection? Direct selection is the selection of antibiotic-resistant normal floras in an individual whenever this individual is given an antibiotic.This process is normally accelerated significantly by either improper use or the overuse of antibiotics. D. What is the difference between an antibiotic and an antimicrobial chemical? Antibiotics are substances that are produced as metabolic pro ducts of one Microorganism which are able to inhibit or kill other microorganisms. Antimicrobial chemicals are chemicals that are synthesized in a laboratory and can be used therapeutically on microorganisms. E. What is the mode of action for each of the following: a. acitracin: works by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis in actively dividing bacteria which normally results in osmotic lysis. b. nystatin: exerts its antifungal activity by binding to ergosterol found in fungal cell membranes. Binding to ergosterol causes the formation of pores in the membrane. Potassium and other cellular constituents leak from the pores causing cell death. c. tetracycline: exert their bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria. This antibiotic prevents transfer-RNA (tRNA) molecules from binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes. . ciprofloxin: Contains agents that inhibit one or more enzymes in the DNA synthesis pathway F. Describe three mechanisms by which microbes mig ht become resistant to the action of an antimicrobial drug? Microbes may become resistant by producing enzymes that will detoxify or inactivate the antibiotic such as penicillinase and other beta-lactamases. Microbes may also alter the target site in the bacterium to reduce or block binding of the antibiotic in the process producing a slightly altered ribosomal subunit that still functions but to which the drug can't bind.Microbes may also prevent the transport of the antimicrobial agent into the bacterium thereby producing an altered cytoplasmic membrane or outer membrane. G. Why do you think neglecting to finish a prescribed course of antibiotics might contribute to the rise of antibiotic resistance? If you don't finish the medication, all the bacteria causing the infection may not be killed. Then, the infection could come back in that same place or even show up somewhere else. When the bacteria are undertreated, some of them may have enough time to have these mistakes occur in th eir DNA.Then, when they multiply, you get a bunch of bacteria that no longer respond to the antibiotics. H. What is a tube dilution test? How is it used to determine susceptibility? Tube dilution test is one of the tests that can be used to tell which antimicrobial agent is most likely to combat a specific pathogen. This test is conducted by preparing a series of culture tubes where each tube contains a liquid medium and a different concentration of an antimicrobial agent. These tubes are then inoculated with the test organism and then incubated. After the incubation they are examined for growth.I. Define the following: a. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): this is the lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent that is capable of preventing growth of the organism undergoing the tube dilution test b. Zone of Inhibition: this is the area surrounding the high potency disk of a chemotherapeutic agent where growth is inhibited in an agar diffusion test. J. What were the results of the Kirby-Bauer test for S. epidermidis? S. epidermidis was sensitive to Novobiacin S. epidermidis was resistant to Penicillin S. epidermidis was intermediate in the case of Gentamicin